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OpenAI o1

OpenAI

90·Exceptional

Overall Trust Score

Advanced reasoning model from OpenAI achieving 57.1% on SWE-bench and 79.2% on HumanEval. Features extended chain-of-thought reasoning for complex problem-solving and mathematical tasks.

reasoning
chain-of-thought
coding
mathematics
research
explainable
soc-2-certified
high-latency
Version: 20250915
Last Evaluated: November 8, 2025
Official Website →

Trust Vector

Performance & Reliability

93

Exceptional reasoning capabilities with extended chain-of-thought. Best for complex problem-solving requiring deep thinking. Higher latency due to reasoning overhead.

task accuracy code
94
Methodology
Industry-standard coding benchmarks measuring real-world software engineering tasks
Evidence
SWE-bench Verified
57.1% resolution rate
Date: 2025-09-15
HumanEval
79.2% accuracy on code generation
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
task accuracy reasoning
96
Methodology
Competition-level reasoning benchmarks requiring extended chain-of-thought
Evidence
AIME 2024
83% on high school competition math (top 500 US students)
Date: 2025-09-15
GPQA Diamond
78.3% on PhD-level science questions
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
task accuracy general
91
Methodology
Comprehensive knowledge testing across domains
Evidence
MMLU
85.5% on comprehensive knowledge benchmark
Date: 2025-09-15
OpenAI Benchmarks
Strong general performance with reasoning optimization
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
output consistency
92
Methodology
Internal testing with repeated prompts at various temperature settings
Evidence
OpenAI Documentation
High consistency due to chain-of-thought reasoning
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
Note: Extended reasoning provides more consistent problem-solving
latency p50
Value: 4.5s
Methodology
Median latency for API requests with standard prompt sizes
Evidence
OpenAI Documentation
Typical response time ~4.5s due to extended reasoning
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
latency p95
Value: 8.2s
Methodology
95th percentile response time across diverse workloads
Evidence
Community benchmarking
p95 latency ~8.2s for complex reasoning
Date: 2025-10-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
context window
Value: 128,000 tokens
Methodology
Official specification from provider
Evidence
OpenAI Documentation
128K token context window
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
uptime
99
Methodology
Historical uptime data from official status page
Evidence
OpenAI Status Page
99.9% uptime (last 90 days)
Date: 2025-11-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08

Security

88

Strong security posture with enhanced reasoning-based safety. Good protection against common attacks.

prompt injection resistance
89
Methodology
Testing against OWASP LLM01 prompt injection attacks
Evidence
OpenAI Safety Research
Strong resistance to prompt injection
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
jailbreak resistance
90
Methodology
Testing against adversarial prompt datasets
Evidence
OpenAI Safety Evaluations
Enhanced jailbreak resistance via chain-of-thought
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
data leakage prevention
85
Methodology
Analysis of privacy policies and data handling practices
Evidence
OpenAI Privacy Policy
No training on API data without opt-in
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: mediumLast verified: 2025-11-08
output safety
92
Methodology
Comprehensive safety testing across harmful content categories
Evidence
OpenAI Safety Evaluations
Comprehensive safety filtering
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
api security
89
Methodology
Review of API security features and best practices
Evidence
OpenAI API Documentation
API key authentication, OAuth, HTTPS, rate limiting
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08

Privacy & Compliance

86

Good privacy posture with SOC 2 certification. 30-day minimum retention for safety monitoring.

data residency
Value: US (enterprise options available)
Methodology
Review of enterprise documentation and privacy policies
Evidence
OpenAI Enterprise Documentation
US-based processing, enterprise options for data residency
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
training data optout
92
Methodology
Analysis of privacy policy and data usage terms
Evidence
OpenAI Privacy Policy
No training on API data by default
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
data retention
Value: 30 days (minimum for abuse monitoring)
Methodology
Review of terms of service and data retention policies
Evidence
OpenAI Data Usage Policy
30-day retention for safety monitoring, deletable after
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
pii handling
82
Methodology
Review of data protection capabilities and customer responsibilities
Evidence
OpenAI Privacy Documentation
Customer responsible for PII handling
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: mediumLast verified: 2025-11-08
compliance certifications
88
Methodology
Verification of compliance certifications and audit reports
Evidence
OpenAI Trust Portal
SOC 2 Type II, GDPR compliant
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
zero data retention
82
Methodology
Review of data handling practices
Evidence
OpenAI Enterprise Options
Minimum 30-day retention for safety, no true zero retention
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: mediumLast verified: 2025-11-08

Trust & Transparency

90

Excellent explainability via chain-of-thought reasoning. Transparent problem-solving process visible to users.

explainability
95
Methodology
Evaluation of reasoning transparency and explanation capabilities
Evidence
Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Extended chain-of-thought visible to users
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
hallucination rate
88
Methodology
Testing on factual QA datasets and real-world usage
Evidence
OpenAI Benchmarks
Reduced hallucination via chain-of-thought verification
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
bias fairness
84
Methodology
Evaluation on bias benchmarks and diverse demographic testing
Evidence
OpenAI Safety Research
Ongoing bias testing and mitigation
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: mediumLast verified: 2025-11-08
uncertainty quantification
89
Methodology
Assessment of confidence expression in outputs
Evidence
Model Behavior
Good uncertainty expression through reasoning process
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
model card quality
92
Methodology
Review of documentation completeness and clarity
Evidence
OpenAI Model Documentation
Comprehensive model documentation
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
training data transparency
80
Methodology
Review of public disclosures about training data
Evidence
OpenAI Public Statements
General description of training approach
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: mediumLast verified: 2025-11-08
guardrails
93
Methodology
Analysis of built-in safety mechanisms
Evidence
OpenAI Safety Features
Comprehensive safety guardrails
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08

Operational Excellence

91

Excellent operational maturity with well-designed APIs and mature ecosystem. Enterprise-ready with strong support.

api design quality
93
Methodology
Review of API design, consistency, and feature completeness
Evidence
OpenAI API Documentation
Well-designed RESTful API
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
sdk quality
94
Methodology
Review of SDK quality, documentation, and maintenance
Evidence
OpenAI SDKs
Official SDKs for Python, Node.js, actively maintained
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
versioning policy
90
Methodology
Review of versioning policy and historical practices
Evidence
OpenAI API Versioning
Clear versioning with deprecation notices
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
monitoring observability
89
Methodology
Review of available monitoring tools and metrics
Evidence
OpenAI Platform
Comprehensive usage dashboard
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
support quality
90
Methodology
Assessment of documentation, community, and support responsiveness
Evidence
OpenAI Support
Comprehensive support with enterprise SLAs
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
ecosystem maturity
93
Methodology
Analysis of third-party integrations and tools
Evidence
OpenAI Ecosystem
Mature ecosystem with extensive integrations
Date: 2025-09-15
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08
license terms
91
Methodology
Review of licensing terms and restrictions
Evidence
OpenAI Terms of Service
Standard commercial terms, enterprise agreements available
Date: 2025-09-01
Confidence: highLast verified: 2025-11-08

✨ Strengths

  • Best-in-class reasoning with 78.3% GPQA Diamond
  • Visible chain-of-thought for transparent problem-solving
  • Exceptional mathematical capabilities (83% on AIME)
  • Strong coding performance (57.1% SWE-bench)
  • Excellent for complex analytical and research tasks
  • High explainability via reasoning traces

⚠️ Limitations

  • High latency (4.5s p50, 8.2s p95) due to reasoning overhead
  • Not suitable for real-time applications
  • 30-day minimum data retention (not ephemeral)
  • Not HIPAA eligible
  • Higher cost due to extended reasoning compute
  • Reasoning overhead may be unnecessary for simple tasks

📊 Metadata

pricing:
input: $15.00 per 1M tokens
output: $60.00 per 1M tokens
notes: Premium reasoning model pricing, significantly higher than standard models
last verified: 2025-11-09
context window: 128000
languages:
0: English
1: Spanish
2: French
3: German
4: Italian
5: Portuguese
6: Japanese
7: Korean
8: Chinese
modalities:
0: text
api endpoint: https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions
open source: false
architecture: Transformer-based with extended chain-of-thought reasoning
parameters: Not disclosed

Use Case Ratings

code generation

93

Excellent coding with 57.1% SWE-bench and 79.2% HumanEval. Chain-of-thought helps with complex algorithms.

customer support

82

Good capabilities but high latency (4.5s) may impact customer experience. Better for complex issues.

content creation

85

Good content generation but reasoning focus may add unnecessary latency for creative tasks.

data analysis

95

Exceptional analytical capabilities with chain-of-thought reasoning. Best for complex analysis.

research assistant

96

Outstanding research capabilities with transparent reasoning. Excellent for complex research tasks.

legal compliance

84

Good reasoning for legal analysis but 30-day retention may be concern for some use cases.

healthcare

83

Good reasoning but not HIPAA eligible. 30-day retention may be concern for healthcare data.

financial analysis

94

Outstanding for complex financial modeling and analysis with transparent reasoning.

education

96

Exceptional for education with visible chain-of-thought. Perfect for teaching problem-solving.

creative writing

81

Competent but reasoning focus may reduce creative spontaneity. Higher latency for creative tasks.